Personal distance for interactions among good friends or family.Far phase – 6 to 18 inches (15 to 46 cm).Close phase – less than one inch (one to two cm).Intimate distance for embracing, touching or whispering.Hall's interpersonal distances of man, showing radius in feet and meters
Proxemics remains a hidden component of interpersonal communication that is uncovered through observation and strongly influenced by culture.Ī chart depicting Edward T. According to Hall, the study of proxemics is valuable in evaluating not only the way people interact with others in daily life, but also "the organization of space in houses and buildings, and ultimately the layout of towns". In his foundational work on proxemics, The Hidden Dimension, Hall emphasized the impact of proxemic behavior (the use of space) on interpersonal communication. Hall, the cultural anthropologist who coined the term in 1963, defined proxemics as "the interrelated observations and theories of humans use of space as a specialized elaboration of culture". Proxemics is one among several subcategories in the study of nonverbal communication, including haptics (touch), kinesics (body movement), vocalics (paralanguage), and chronemics (structure of time). Proxemics is the study of human use of space and the effects that population density has on behaviour, communication, and social interaction. For a sector of societal life under an individual's control, see private sphere.
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